Additional Fee Order Id # 579453 Example

Additional Fee Order Id # 579453 Example Additional Fee Order Id # 579453 – Essay Example of the of the of the SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL NETWORKING Social networking can be termed as an act of getting connected to and participating in a network of users connected virtually via a network. The network is often established by a portal or a website that enables users to create their profile on it and lets them get connected to all the other users who are logged into the site. This network of virtual individuals is tremendously large in magnitude and is a source of a number of advantages and disadvantages. Examples of platforms supporting social web profiles are Facebook, Twitter, Orkut LinkdIn etc. The globalization of today’s world sees it as such that virtually every human being is connected to the web in one way or the other. AIMS AND SCOPE: The aims of Social Networks are numerous. They can be summarized as follows: The spreading out of information and that too in an efficient and timely manner. The maintenance of timely runtime contact with individuals across the globe irrespective of their physical locations etc. The connections via social networks can be used to interconnect individuals whether it may be for personal or professional purposes. The scope of social networks varies extensively. From personal updates to the marketing of your officially launched professional product, social network does it all for you. Its usage in E-Commerce and specifically E-Marketing is widespread as well. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Increasing popularity of social networks demands that social ethics be made prevalent on the social networks. If the cons are administered social networks are inevitable from the lives of humans. Recommendations for social networks are primarily for youngsters. Youngsters are advised not to share their personal information with strangers on public social networks. WORKS CITED: Waldez, A., The Disadvantages of Modern Technology among the Youth. September 24, 2010. Web. September 4 2011. National School Boards’ Association, Creating and connecting Research guidelines on Online Social-and Educational-Networking. 2007. Web. 2011. Sigman, A. Well Connected?: The Biological Implications of Social Networking, Biologist. Feb. 2009. Web. 2011. Sheldrake, P., The Social web analytics ebook 2008. 2008. Web. 4th September 2011

Geography of Ancient Greece

Geography of Ancient Greece Greece, a country in southeastern Europe whose peninsula extends from the Balkans into the Mediterranean Sea, is mountainous, with many gulfs and bays. Forests fill some areas of Greece. Much of Greece is stony and suitable only for pasturage, but other areas are suitable for growing wheat, barley, citrus, dates, and olives. It is convenient to divide ancient Greece into 3 geographical regions (plus islands and colonies): (1) Northern Greece,(2) Central Greece(3) The Peloponnese.​ I. Northern Greece Northern Greece consists of Epirus and Thessaly, separated by the Pindus mountain range. The chief town in Epirus is Dodona where the Greeks thought Zeus provided oracles. Thessaly is the largest plains area in Greece. It is almost surrounded by mountains. On the north, the Cambunian range has as its highest mountain the home of the gods, Mt. Olympus, and nearby, Mt Ossa. Between these two mountains is a valley called the Vale of Tempe through which runs the Peneius River. II. Central Greece Central Greece has more mountains than northern Greece. It contains the countries of Aetolia (famed for the Calydonian boar hunt), Locris (divided into 2 sections by Doris and Phocis), Acarnania (west of Aetolia, bordered by the Achelous River, and north of the Gulf of Calydon), Doris, Phocis, Boeotia, Attica, and Megaris. Boeotia and Attica are separated by Mt. Cithaeron. In northeast Attica is Mt. Pentelicus home of the famous marble. South of Pentelicus is the Hymettus mountain range, which is famous for its honey. Attica had poor soil, but a long coastline favoring trade. Megaris lies in the Isthmus of Corinth, which separates central Greece from the Peloponnese. The Megarans raised sheep and made woolen products and pottery. III. Peloponnesus South of the Isthmus of Corinth is the Peloponnese (21,549 sq. km), whose central region is Arcadia, which is a plateau over mountain ranges. On the northern slope is Achaea, with Elis and Corinth on either side. On the east of the Peloponnese is the mountainous Argolis area. Laconia was the country in the basin of the Eurotas River, which ran between the Taygetus and Parnon mountain regions. Messenia lies to the west of Mt. Taygetus, the highest point in the Peloponnese. Source: An Ancient History for Beginners, by George Willis Botsford, New York: Macmillan Company. 1917.

Health Promotion Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Health Promotion Practice - Essay Example From the overweight children, 25% had been classed as obese and prone to chronic disease and disabilities. The likelihood of obesity having multiple predictors for illness is high. The escalation of Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and a variety of other co-morbidities before or during early adulthood is expected to interfere with the normal life of the obese child. Sleep apnoea, arthritis and other disorders of bones, joint disorders and cancer have also been associated with obesity. Low self-esteem is another significant problem and may require appropriate psychological approach. A shorter life expectancy is inevitable in addition. The issue having become a global one, it is really urgent that measures are taken to prevent overweight and obesity. A collaborative effort on a war footing needs to be undertaken to find a rational solution. Where previously the issue was descriptive of children from wealthy families, recent discovery has been made that economy and geography have little t o do with the obesity. With all this in mind, I opted to join MEND, a program working for reversing the child obesity issue on an international basis. Epidemiology The problem is caused by a â€Å"mathematical† difference in the intake of energy as calories and expenditure of energy. Increased intake could be more than the needed requirement for the bodily functions. This could cause obesity. Similarly if the expenditure of energy in the form of exercise is not possible, an accumulation of fat again occurs in the body. This accumulating fat causes obesity and overweight. Either the intake has to be reduced or the expenditure increased to balance the calories being utilized in the body. The obesity is measured as the BMI or body mass index in the project. This is the ratio of the weight in kilograms to the square of the height in metres. Overweight and obesity have been defined as leading health indicators by the Healthy People 2010. This programme intended to reduce the child hood obesity incidence by 5% in the US. The significance of the issue in Wales Wales has had its fair share of the problem following the recession. The Welsh Health Survey had indicated that 3% in children under 16 were classified as obese. (Brindley, 2010). Wales held a high position in the childhood obesity league, with nearly one in five children being classed as obese. As a possible result of the recession, more families were looking or switching to cheaper foods which tended to be more processed and contained high levels of salt, fat and sugar (Brindley). The number of adults classed as overweight or obese had been increasing gradually over the last ten years. These results were from the annual survey. Health experts in Wales were raising concerns over children’s long-term health should obesity continue to rise unchecked (Brindley). The significance of the issue in Wales had motivated the government to plan strategies for containing the problem. For all of these reasons, the UK government set up the MEND program to decrease the incidence of these problems and protect the children’s health so that they live a healthy life. Furthermore, it was in the financial interest of the government to fund these health promotion programs as preventive work with childhood obesity was far cheaper in the long run. Dealing with the costs of health care of obesity-related health conditions could be expected to show shocking skyrocketing figures. Health promotion included activities which were

Marketing Audit of TESCO, UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marketing Audit of TESCO, UK - Essay Example This paper examines Tesco's UK strategic unit. From the 2011 Annual Report, four distinct component represent Tesco's UK strategic unit: Food Sales, Retail, Brands and Service Unit. The Food sales unit involves sourcing food from farmers and other providers in the UK and selling them to consumers. The Retail unit involves the malls and stores which are outlets for the sale of non-Tesco brands to consumers. Brands involve the manufacturing of distinct Tesco products for consumers in different categories. The Services unit includes the financial services and Tesco mobile. This paper declares that  Tesco is the largest supermarket retailer in the UK and the fourth largest in the world. Tesco started as   modest entity in 1924 and became a successful food retailer in the 1960s before going global in the 1980s. As of 2003, Tesco had approximately 1,700 stores and outlets in the UK as well as some 1,300 stores internationally.  In carrying out this analysis, we will apply important tools to identify the strategic business position of Tesco, UK. This is done by identifying the internal strengths, weaknesses and issues in Tesco as well as the industrial issues that faces Tesco currently. Also, the important concerns in the external environment are discussed. This is done through the use of popular strategic management tools and models.  Internal attributes that help to assess the strategic position of an organisation include the resources as well as the hard and soft elements that define the organisation's systems and scope.

Role of Political Parties in India Essay Example for Free

Role of Political Parties in India Essay As with any other democracy, political parties represent different sections among the Indian society and regions, and their core values play a major role in the politics of India. Both the executive branch and the legislative branch of the government are run by the representatives of the political parties who have been elected through the elections. Through the electoral process, the people of India choose which representative and which political party should run the government. Through the elections any party may gain simple majority in the lower house. Coalitions are formed by the political parties, in case no single party gains a simple majority in the lower house. Unless a party or a coalition have a majority in the lower house, a government cannot be formed by that party or the coalition. Indian state governments led by various political parties as of March 2009. India has a multi-party system, where there are a number of national as well as regional parties. A regional party may gain a majority and rule a particular state. If a party is represented in more than 4 states, it would be labelled a national party. Out of the 64 years of Indias independence, India has been ruled by the Indian National Congress (INC) for 51 of those years. The party enjoyed a parliamentary majority save for two brief periods during the 1970s and late 1980s. This rule was interrupted between 1977 to 1980, when the Janata Party coalition won the election owing to public discontent with the controversial state of emergencydeclared by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The Janata Dal won elections in 1989, but its government managed to hold on to power for only two years. Between 1996 and 1998, there was a period of political flux with the government being formed first by the nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) followed by a left-leaning United Front coalition. In 1998, the BJP formed the National Democratic Alliance with smaller regional parties, and became the first non-INC and coalition government to complete a full five-year term. The 2004 Indian elections saw the INC winning the largest number of seats to form a government leading the United Progressive Alliance, and supported by left-parties and those opposed to the BJP. On 22 May 2004, Manmohan Singh was appointed the Prime Minister of India following the victory of the INC the left front in the 2004 Lok Sabha election. The UPA now rules India without the support of the left front. Previously, Atal Bihari Vajpayee had taken office in October 1999 after a general election in which a BJP-led coalition of 13 parties called the National Democratic Alliance emerged with a majority. Formation of coalition governments reflects the transition in Indian politics away from the national parties toward smaller, more narrowly based regional parties. Some regional parties, especially in South India, are deeply aligned to the ideologies of the region unlike the national parties and thus the relationship between the central government and the state government in various states has not always been free of rancor. Disparity between the ideologies of the political parties ruling the centre and the state leads to severely skewed allocation of resources between the states. Function of Opposition Party: The Opposition’s main role is to question the government of the day and hold them accountable to the public. The Opposition is equally responsible in upholding the best interests of the people of the country. They have to ensure that the Government does not take any steps , which might have negative implications on the people of the country. the role of the opposition in parliament is basically to check the excesses of the ruling or dominant party, and not to be totally antagonistic. There are actions of the ruling party which may be beneficial to the masses and oppositions are expected to support such things. In Parliament, Opposition Party should act firmly on behalf of common mass fighting for their common interest and grievances. They should raise immediate protest before a Bill passed, which is against the interest of common-men. Opposition legislators should always bear in mind that they are the representatives from each and every countryman fighting for justified demands and defending all unlawful and unfair practice.

Compare Only the wall by Matthew Sweeney and Mirror by Sylvia Plath. :: English Literature

Compare Only the wall by Matthew Sweeney and Mirror by Sylvia Plath. Poem Comparison. I am going to compare two poems "Only the wall" by Matthew Sweeney and "Mirror" by Sylvia Plath. Both poems are similar as they both use personification. The poem "Only the wall" has the wall, which is personified as the wall is seeing what is happening, but cannot tell anyone. The poem "Mirror" has the mirror, which is personified, as the poem shows what the mirror sees. The poem mirror is about a mirror and a woman who is obsessed with the mirror. The mirror says it does not lie it just tells the truth. "I am not cruel only truthful" This tells you the mirror does not lie it shows the truth even though it might hurt and that it cannot judge how someone looks. In the second stanza the mirror begins to feel sorry for the woman. "I see her back and reflect it faithfully. She rewards me with tears and an agnation of the hands." This tells you how the mirror sees the woman's ugly face everyday and how the mirror sees the woman upset with the way she looks. The mirror is also upset, as it does not mean to upset her, but it can only show the truth. The mood of the poem is sad. "In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman rises towards her day after day, like a terrible fish." This tells how sad she is especially when she goes to the mirror and sees how her beauty has died away. The way the poem has been structured is the first stanza is about the mirror and the second stanza is about the woman. The poet's idea is trying to make us think about how people care so much about how they look. "I am important to her. She comes and goes. Each morning her face replaces the darkness." This tells us that the woman is maybe upset with the way she looks and how the mirror is really important because she wishes that she could be young and pretty again. Overall I think this poem was sad as it made me feel sorry for the woman. Also at first I found it hard to understand. The second poem has a different subject to the first poem. The first poem is about a woman looking in the mirror and the second poem is about a wall watching three bullies bullying a boy. For example: "The first day only the wall saw the bully trip the new boy" This line tells us that on the new boys fist day only the wall saw

Marriott Case

Marriott Corporation: The Cost of Capital Executive Summary J. Willard Marriott started Marriott Corporation in 1927 with a root beer stand, expanding it into a leading lodging and food service company with sales of over $6 billion by 1987. At the time, Marriott had three main lines of business, lodging, contract services and restaurants, with lodging generating about 51% of company’s profits. The four key elements of Marriott’s financial strategy were managing hotel assets rather than owning, investing in projects with the goal of increasing shareholder value, optimizing the use of debt, and repurchasing their undervalued shares.Marriott Corporation relied on measuring the opportunity cost of capital for investments by utilizing the concept of Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). In April 1988, VP of project finance, Dan Cohrs suggested that the divisional hurdle rates at the company would have a key impact on their future financial and operating strategies. Marrio tt intended to continue its growth at a fast pace by relying on the best opportunities arising from their lodging, contract services and restaurants lines of businesses.To make the company managers more involved in its financial strategies, Marriott also considered using the hurdle rates for determining the incentive compensations. What is the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for Marriott Corporation? WACC = (1 – ? )rD(D/V) + rE(E/V) D = market value of debt E = market value of equity V = value of the firm = D + E rD = pretax cost of debt rE = after tax cost of debt ? = tax rate = 175. 9/398. 9 = 44% Cost of Equity Target debt ratio is 60%; actual is 41% [Exhibit 1] ?s = 1. 11 ?u = ? s / (1 + (1 – ? ) D/E) = 1. 11/(1 + (1 – . 44) (. 41)) = 0. 80 Using the target debt ratio of 60%: Ts = ? u (1 + (1 – ? ) D/E) = . 8(1 + (1 – . 44) (. 6/. 4)) ?Ts =1. 47 Using CAPM: rf = 8. 95% long-term rate on U. S. government bonds (rm – rf) = 7. 43% a verage 1926-1987 rE = rf + ? Ts (rm – rf) = 8. 95% + (1. 47)(7. 43%) = 19. 87% Cost of Debt rD = government bond rate + credit spread = 8. 95% + 1. 30% = 10. 25% WACC = (1 – ? )rD(D/V) + rE(1 – D/V) = (1 – . 44) (. 1025)(. 6) + (. 1987)(. 4) = 11. 39% If Marriott used a single corporate hurdle rate for evaluating investment opportunities in each of its line of business, what would happen to the company over time? WACC for Marriott= 11. 39%WACC for lodging division = 9. 25% WACC for restaurant division = 13. 84% WACC for Marriott’s contract division = 23. 07% The main use of the hurdle rates is to assess investment decision in order to determine if it’s reasonable. Using different rates for different division is also good, but one has to be careful when applying a single cost of capital across the various departments. Based on the WACCs stated above for the company and its various departments it’s obvious that the values are different. The cost of capital for lodging is lower than for the entire company, while that of the other departments are higher.We can equate the cost of capital with risk, so therefore the risk in the lodging department is lower when compared with other departments that have a higher WACC. If Marriott was to use a single corporate hurdle rate then they will be using the 11. 39% rate which is for the entire company. By Marriott using this rate, then any project that arises out of the lodging division will be rejected since its cost of capital of 9. 25% is lower than the cost of capital for the company. Using a higher rate will result in a negative NPV as well as a reduced cash flow.Projects from the restaurant and contract service division will be approved since they are evaluated at a lower rate than the determined cost of these various divisions. Over time, Marriott will be approving more high risk project from the restaurant and contract service division by evaluating them at a lower rate, while they will be rejecting lower risk projects from the lodging division because they are using a higher rate. In summary, the risk that Marriott will be assuming will increase over time as it continues to approve high risk projects. What is the WACC for the lodging division of Marriott? |Market Value Leverage | | |Unlevered | | |D/V |Beta |Tax Rate |Beta | | | |? s |? |= ? s / (1 + (1 – ? ) D/E) | |Hilton |14. 00 |0. 76 |44. 00 |0. 70 | |Holiday |79. 00 |1. 35 |44. 00 |0. 43 | |La Quinta |69. 00 |0. 9 |44. 00 |0. 40 | |Ramada |65. 00 |1. 36 |44. 00 |0. 67 | |Total | | | | | |Average Unlevered Beta |0. 55 | | | ?u = 0. 55 Cost of Equity Using the target debt ratio of 74%: ?Ts = ? u (1 + (1 – ? ) D/E) ?Ts = . 55 (1 + (1 – . 44)(. 74/. 26)) ?Ts = 1. 427 Using CAPM: rE = rf + ? Ts (rm – rf) = 8. 5% + 1. 427(7. 43%) = 19. 55% Cost of Debt rD = government bond rate + credit spread = 8. 95% + 1. 10% = 10. 05% WACC = (1 – ? )rD(D/V) + rE(E/V) = (1 â⠂¬â€œ . 44)(. 1005)(. 74) + (. 1955)(. 26) = 9. 25% What is the WACC for the restaurant division Marriott? | |Market Value Leverage | | |Unlevered | | |D/V |Beta |Tax Rate |Beta | | | |? s |? |= ? s / (1 + (1 – ? ) D/E) | |Church’s |4. 0 |1. 45 |44. 00 |1. 42 | |Collins Foods |10. 00 |1. 45 |44. 00 |1. 37 | |Frisch’s |6. 00 |0. 57 |44. 00 |0. 55 | |Luby’s |1. 00 |0. 76 |44. 00 |0. 76 | |McDonald’s |23. 00 |0. 94 |44. 00 |0. 81 | |Wendy’s |21. 0 |1. 32 |44. 00 |1. 15 | |Total | | | | | |Average Unlevered Beta |1. 01 | | | ?u = 1. 01 Cost of Equity Using the target debt ratio of 42%: ?Ts = ? u (1 + (1 – ? ) D/E) =1. 01(1 + (1 – . 44)*. 42/. 58) = 1. 420 Using CAPM: rE = rf + ? Ts (rm – rf) = 8. 95% + 1. 42(7. 43%) = 19. 50% Cost of Debt rD = government bond rate + credit spread 8. 95% + 1. 80% = 10. 75% WACC = (1 – ? )rD(D/V) + rE(1 – D/V) = (1 – . 44)(. 1075)(. 42) + (. 1950)(. 58) = 13. 84% What is the WACC for Marriott’s contract services division? ?u for Marriott is the weighted average of the Divisional ? u’s: | |Identifiable Assets |Ratio |Beta Unlevered | |Lodging |$2,777. 4 |0. 61 |0. 55 | |Restaurants |$567. 60 |0. 12 |1. 01 | |Contract Services |$1,237. 0 |0. 27 | | | |$4,582. 70 | |0. 80 | .61(. 55) + . 12(1. 01) + . 27(? u) = . 80 ?u = 2. 514 Cost of Equity Using the target debt ratio of 40%: ?Ts = ? u (1 + (1 – ? ) D/E) = 2. 514 (1 + (1 – . 44) (. 4/. 6)) = 3. 45 Using CAPM: rE = rf + ? Ts (rm – rf) = 8. 95% + 3. 45(7. 43%) = 34. 58% Cost of Debt rD = government bond rate + credit spread rD = 8. 95% + 1. 40% = 10. 35% WACC = (1 – ? )rD(D/V) + rE(E/V) = (1 – . 44)(. 1035)(. 4) + (. 3458)(. 6) = 23. 07%

Improved More Efficient And Affordable Health Care Health Care Essay

The altering life style of society, an ageing population and the high outlooks for a better quality of life call for improved, more efficient and low-cost wellness attention ( 1 ) . Use of nanotechnology in regenerative medical specialty can offer new intervention modes, when applied to major medical challenges ( 2 ) . Regenerative medical specialty is the method of making life and functional tissues to mend or replace tissue or organ map lost due to inborn defects, harm, disease, or age ( 3 ) . This field holds promise for renewing damaged tissues and variety meats in the organic structure by exciting antecedently irreparable variety meats to mend per se ( 4 ) . Regenerative medical specialty besides permits scientists to turn tissues and variety meats in the research lab and to safely engraft them when the organic structure can non mend itself ( 4 ) . Most significantly, regenerative medical specialty has the possible to work out the job of the deficit of variety meats available fo r life-saving organ organ transplant ( 5 ; 6 ) . Regenerative medical specialty has become a multidisciplinary field ( 7 ) . Application of nanotechnology in regenerative medical specialty can radically alter the manner some diseases are treated in the hereafter. In the last few decennaries, nanomedicines have started coming onto the market ( 8 ) . Regenerative medical specialty can be used to reconstruct, keep or heighten tissues and therefore organ maps. Regeneration of tissues can be achieved by the combination of life cells, which will supply biological functionality, and stuffs, which act as scaffolds to back up cell proliferation ( 8 ; 7 ; 9 ) . In vivo mammalian cells respond to the biological signals they receive from the environing environment. These signals are controlled by nanometer-scaled constituents, so it is really of import that the stuff used produces the right signal to steer cell growing and functionality suitably ( 10 ) . The application of nanotechnology to regenerative medical specialty is a broad country ( 1 1 ) . Nanotechnology is an first-class tool for bring forthing scaffolds that mimic the biological constructions. This engineering besides offers efficient drug bringing system. In this survey, we focused on three different applications of regenerative medical specialty. Our first purpose was to develop an anodization technique to bring forth surface modified nanoporous Ti that can be used as possible system for technology a typical biomaterial for bone tissue technology. Our 2nd purpose was to manufacture a halloysite-PCL ( poly--caprolactone ) scaffold and measure its ability to back up cell growing, distinction, and fucntionality. The concluding purpose was to analyze the consequence of different drug loaded halloysite-PCL scaffold as possible bactericide, antiseptic and bactericidal stuff.Nanoparticles and Nanotubes for Regenerative MedicineExtensive libraries of nanoparticles, composed of an mixture of different sizes, forms, and stuffs, and with assorted chemical and surface belongingss, have already been constructed. The field ofA nanotechnologyA is under changeless and rapid growing and new add-ons continue to supplement these libraries. Examples of nanoparticles are buckminsterfullerenes, liquid crystals, liposomes, nanoshells, quantum points and supramegnetic nanoparticles. Carbon nanotubes and halloysite nanotubes are illustration of nanotubes. Liquid Crystals Liquid crystal pharmaceuticals are composed of organic liquid crystal stuffs that mimic naturally-occuring biomolecules like proteins or lipoids. They are considered a really safe method for drug bringing and can aim specific countries of the organic structure where tissues are inflamed, or where tumours are found. Liposomes Liposomes are lipid-basedA liquid crystals, used extensively in the pharmaceutical and decorative industries because of their capacity for interrupting down indoors cells one time their bringing map has been met. Liposomes were the first engineered nanoparticles used for drug bringing but jobs such as their leaning to blend together in aqueous environments and warhead release, have led to replacement, or stabilisation utilizing newer alternate nanoparticles. Nanoshells Besides referred to as core-shells, nanoshells are spherical nucleuss of a peculiar compound surrounded by a shell or outer coating of another, which is a few nanometres in thickness. Quantum points Besides known as nanocrystals, quantum points are nanosized semiconducting materials that, depending on their size, can breathe light in all colourss of the rainbow. These nanostructures confine conductivity set negatrons, valency set holes, or excitons in all three spatial waies. Examples of quantum points are semiconductor nanocrystals and core-shell nanocrystals, where there is an interface between different semiconducting material stuffs. They have been applied in biotechnology for cell labeling and imagination, peculiarly in malignant neoplastic disease imagination surveies. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles Superparamagnetic molecules are those that are attracted to a magnetic field but do non retain residuary magnetic attraction after the field is removed. Nanoparticles of Fe oxide with diameters in the 5-100 nanometer scope, have been used for selective magnetic bioseparations. Typical techniques involve surfacing the atoms with antibodies to cell-specific antigens, for separation from the environing matrix. Used in membrane conveyance surveies, superparamagenetic Fe oxide nanoparticles ( SPION ) are applied for drug bringing and cistron transfection. Targeted bringing of drugs, bioactive molecules or Deoxyribonucleic acid vectors is dependent on the application of an external magnetic force that accelerates and directs their advancement towards the mark tissue. They are besides utile as MRI contrast agents. Dendrimers Dendrimers are extremely branched constructions deriving broad usage in nanomedicine because of the multiple molecular â€Å" maulerss † on their surfaces that can be used to attach cell-identification tickets, fluorescent dyes, enzymes and other molecules. The first dendritic molecules were produced around 1980, but involvement in them has blossomed more late as their biotechnological utilizations were discovered.Carbon nanotubesTypically 1-100 nanometer in length, nanotubes are most frequently made from semiconducting stuffs and used in nanomedicine as imagination and contrast agents. Nanotubes can be made by bring forthing little cylinders of Si, gold or inorganic phosphate, among other stuffs.Carbon nanotubesNanosized tubings of C known as C nanotubes possess optical passages in the near-infrared that can be utilized for tracking cells. The infrared spectrum between 900 and 1,300nm is an of import optical window for biomedical applications because of the lower optical wind ow for biomedical applications because of the lower optical soaking up and little auto-fluorescent background. Like QD, C nanotubes possess good photostabillity and can be imaged over long periods of clip utilizing Raman sprinkling and fluorescence microscopy. However, unlike QD, which are typically composed of heavy metals such as Cd, C nanotubes are made of C, an abundant component in nature. Carbon nanotubes possess big aspect ratios with nanometer diameters and length runing from submicron to millimetres. These tubings can incorporate a individual wall of C ( SWNT ) or multiple walls of C nanotubes ( MWNT ) . The little size of the SWNT makes it possible for 70,000 nanotubes to be ingested where they can stay stable for hebdomads indoors 3T3 fibroblasts and murine myoblast root cells. Having such a high concentration of C nanotubes within a cell distinction, even though. While such nanomaterials have yet to make clinical application, it does demo the possible for non-invasive op tical imagination.Nanomodified SurfacesAn ideal scaffold for tissue regeneration should hold similarity to native excess cellular matrices in footings of both chemical composing and physical nanostructure. Recently, nanostructured biomaterials holding physical nanofeatures such as nanocrystals, nanofibers nanosurfaces, nanocomposites, etc. gained much involvement in regenerative medical specialty. This is chiefly because of their resemblance of physical nanofeatures to natural ECM. There are many different type of scaffold: nanocrystalline bioresorbable bioceramic scaffolds and nanofibrous polymeric scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Fabrication of porous bioceramics based on HA and other Ca phosphates with interrelated pore construction can be done by the reproduction of polymer froth. The advantage of this technique is the control over porousness, pore geometry and pore size of the fancied scaffolds. Electrospinning is a versatile technique to manufacture nanofibrous polymeric mat rices for usage in regenerative medical specialty. The recent developments in electrospun scaffolds with a particular accent on FDA approved biodegradable polymers such as PCL, PLA, PLGA, collagens, etc have been extensively studied. Particular attending has been given to the mechanical belongingss and cell interaction of the electrospun fibre mats. Electrostatic cospinning of polymers with nanohydroxyapatite to manufacture intercrossed nanocomposite scaffolds as possible scaffolds miming the complex nanostructured architecture of bone has been suggested for difficult tissue regeneration. Advanced techniques for the readying of nanofibers, nucleus shell fibres, hollow fibres, and rods and tubings from natural and man-made polymers with diameters down to a few nanometres have late been established. These techniques, among them electro- and coelectrospinning and specific templet methods, let the incorporation non merely of semiconducting material or catalytic nanoparticles or chromophores but besides enzymes, proteins, micro-organism, etc. , straight during the readying procedure into these nanostructures in a really soft manner. One peculiar advantage is that biological objects such as, for case, proteins can be immobilized in a fluid environment within these polymer-based nano-objects in such a manner that they keep their native conformation and the corresponding maps. The scope of applications of such biohybrid nanosystems is highly wide, for case, in the countries of biosensors, contact action, drug bringing, or optoelectronic Nanostructures promote formation of blood vass ; bolster cardiovascular map after bosom onslaught – Injecting nanoparticles into the Black Marias of mice that suffered bosom onslaughts helped reconstruct cardiovascular map in these animate beings. The self-assembling nanoparticles – made from of course happening polyoses and molecules known as peptide amphiphiles – encouragement chemical signals to nearby cells that induce formation of new blood vass and this may be the mechanism through which they restore cardiovascular map. One month subsequently, the Black Marias of the treated mice were capable of undertaking and pumping blood about every bit good as healthy mice. In contrast, the Black Marias of untreated mice contracted about 50 per centum less than normal. In other recent surveies utilizing a similar technique, Stupp and his co-workers found nanoparticles hastened wound mending in coneies and, after islet organ transplant, cured diabetes in mice. Nanoparti cles with other chemical composings accelerate bone fix in rats and advance the growing of nerve cells in mice and rats with spinal cord hurts. The recent progresss in the readying of some nanomaterials, turning consciousness of stuff scientific discipline and tissue technology research workers sing the potency of root cells for regenerative medical specialty, and progresss in root cell biological science have contributed towards the encouragement of this research field in the last few old ages. Nanoparticles have several possible applications such as intracellular drug bearers to command root cell distinction and biosensors to supervise in existent clip the intracellular degrees of relevant biomolecules/enzymes. Cell-based therapies have produced important enthusiasm and survey and are one of the most active countries of research in regenerative medical specialty. The creative activity of multi-functional tools, which allow the improved monitoring and modifying of cell behaviour is one method of speed uping the gait of research. While cell-based a therapy in malignant neoplastic disease is a immense portion of the nanomedicine attempt for regenerative medical specialty. Bettering non-invasive monitoring methods is peculiarly desirable since current methods of measuring cell intervention typically affect destructive or invasive techniques such as tissue biopsies. Traditional non-invasive methods such as magnetic resonance imagination ( MRI ) and positron emanation imaging ( PET ) , which rely to a great extent on contrast agents, lack the specificity or resident clip to be a feasible option for cell trailing. However, in vitro and in vivo visual image of nanoscale systems can be carried out u tilizing a assortment of clinically relevant modes such as fluoresce microscopy, individual photon emanation computed imaging ( SPECT ) , PET, MRI, ultrasound, and radiotracing such as gamma scintigraphy. Nanoparticulate imaging investigations include semi-conductor quantum points ( QD ) , magnetic and magnetofluorescent nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and nanoshells among others, While there are presently few illustrations of nanotechnologies being applied to the apprehension of of import procedure in tissue regeneration, relevant utilizations of nanoparticles for regenerative medical specialty such as monitoring angiogensis and programmed cell death are looking.Tissue Engineering in Dental and OrthopedicPractice Implications.AIt is predicted that tissue technology will hold a considerableA consequence on dental pattern during the following 25 old ages. The greatestA effects will probably be related to the fix and replacementA of mineralized tissues, the publicity of unwritten l esion healingA and the usage of cistron transportation adjunctively. Tissue technology buildsA on the interface between stuffs scientific discipline and biocompatibility, A and integrates cells, natural or man-made scaffolds, and specificA signals to make new tissues.A This field is progressively beingA viewed as holding tremendous clinical potency. Clinical jobs associating to the loss and/or failure of tissuesA extend beyond dental medicine to all Fieldss of medical specialty, and are estimatedA to account for about one-half of all medical-relatedA jobs in the United States each twelvemonth. Currently, the replacementA of lost or lacking tissues involves prosthetic stuffs, A drug therapies, and tissue and organ organ transplant. However, A all of these have restrictions, including the inability of syntheticA prosthetic devices to replace any but the simplest structural functionsA of a tissue. An utmost deficit of variety meats and tissues for transplantationA exists. Fewer than 10,000 variety meats are available for transplantationA each twelvemonth in the United States, while more than 50,000 patientsA are registered on organ transplant waiting lists.A Such problemsA have motivated the development of tissue technology, whichA can be defined as a â€Å" combination of the rules and methodsA of the life scientific disciplines with those of technology to develop materialsA and methods to mend damaged or morbid tissues, and to createA full tissue replacings. † Many schemes have evolved to engineer new tissues and variety meats, A but virtually all combine a stuff with either bioactive moleculesA that induce weave formation or cells grown in the laboratory.A The bioactive molecules are often growing factor proteinsA that are involved in natural tissue formation and remodeling.A The basic hypothesis underlying this attack is that the localA bringing of an appropriate factor at a correct dosage for a definedA period of clip can take to the enlisting, proliferation andA distinction of a patient ‘s cells from next sites.A These cells can so take part in tissue fix and/or regenerationA at the needed anatomic venue. The 2nd general scheme uses cells grown in the laboratoryA and placed in a matrix at the site where new tissue or organA formation is desired. These transplanted cells normally are derivedA from a little tissue biopsy specimen and have been expanded inA the research lab to let a big organ or tissue mass to be engineered.A Typically, the new tissue will be formed in portion from theseA transplanted cells. With both attacks, specific stuffs deliver the moleculesA or cells to the appropriate anatomic site and supply mechanicalA support to the organizing tissue by moving as a scaffold to guideA new tissue formation.A Currently, most tissue technology effortsA usage biomaterials already approved for medical indicants byA the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA. The most widelyA used man-made stuffs are polymers of lactide and glycolideA , since these are normally used forA biodegradable suturas. Both polymers have a long path recordA for human usage and are considered biocompatible, and their physicalA belongingss ( for illustration, debasement rate, mechanical strength ) A can be readily manipulated. A natural polymer-type 1 collagen-isA frequently used because of its comparative biocompatibility and abilityA to be remodeled by cells. Other polymers familiar to dentistry, including alginate, are besides being used. Bone and gristle coevals by autogenic cell/tissue organ transplant is one of the most promising techniques in orthopaedic surgery and biomedical technology [ 1 ] . Treatment constructs based on those techniques would extinguish jobs of donor site scarceness, immune rejection and pathogen transportation [ 2 ] . Osteoblasts, chondrocytes and mesenchymal root cells obtained from the patient ‘s difficult and soft tissues can be expanded in civilization and seeded onto a scaffold that will slowly degrade and resorb as the tissue structures grow in vitro and/or vivo [ 3 ] . scaffold or 3-dimensional ( 3-D ) concept provides the necessary support for cells to proliferate and keep their di! erentiated map, and its architecture the ultimate form of the new bone and gristle. Several scaffold stuffs have been investigated for tissue technology bone and gristle including hydroxyapatite ( HA ) , poly ( a-hydroxyesters ) , and natural polymers such as collagen and chitin. Several reappraisals have been published on the general belongingss and design characteristics of biodegradable and bioresorbable polymers and scaffolds [ 4,12 ] . In the United States each twelvemonth, over half a million people undergo entire joint replacing ( 14 ) . The mean lifetime of a rehabilitative articulation implant is about 15 old ages. In all likeliness this means that each patient will hold to undergo a 2nd surgery to keep functionality ( 15 ) . There are many drawbacks with replacing surgeries such as inferior recovery compared to the initial surgery, postsurgical complications and hurting ( 16 ) . The most common account for implant failure is improper growing on the implant surface ( 17 ) . Currently V, Co, Cr and smooth Ti are used in dental and orthopaedic implants. Out of all these metals, Ti is most often used due to its tensile strength and corrosion opposition ( 13 ; 18 ; 19 ) . But the job with Ti implants is that it does non mime the natural bone construction. So there are higher opportunities of implant failure ( 20 ) . Natural bone is nanoporous at the surface. So if we modify the surface of Ti such that it becomes na noporus, this may assist in increasing the life span of the implant. So the first aim is to bring forth nanoporus Ti by the procedure of anodization.Nanotechnology for Bioactive Molecule and Drug ReleaseControlled drug bringing is one of the most promising biomedical applications of nanotechnology. The usage of nanomaterials as nanocarriers for bettering bringing methods has shown to be advantageous technically and feasible economically. Controlled release of antibiotics and antiseptic drug from halloysite PCL scaffold can be used for lesion healing. The basic unit of mending in any tissue type ( for illustration bone or tegument ) is the same. The 2nd nonsubjective, of this undertaking is to electrospin PCL-halloysite scaffold, happen the best concentration and the exact location of halloysite in the PCL-halloysite scaffold by Fluorescein isothiocyanateA ( FITC ) labeling of halloysite and look into its biocompatibility. The 3rd aim of this undertaking is to bring forth drug loaded halloysite-PCL scaffold and trial it effectiveness on bacteriums.Undertaking Aim1. To happen out the best parametric quantity of anodization to bring forth nanoporous Ti. Compare osteoblast cell proliferation and distinction on smooth versus nanoporous Ti surfaces. Nanoporous surfaces should take to better cell proliferation and distinction taking to heighten implant lastingness and osteointegration for patients with degenerative articulation jobs, as it is similar to natural bone surface. 2. To electro-spin halloysite-PCL scaffold and happen the best concentration and the exact location of halloysite in the halloysite-PCL scaffold by Fluorescein isothiocyanateA ( FITC ) labeling of the halloysite, compare osteoblast cell proliferation and distinction on PCL and halloysite-PCL scaffolds. 3. To lade halloysite nanotubes with drugs, for illustration antibiotics and antiseptic, mensurate the drug released from the halloysite and document the consequence of the drug released from the halloysite-PCL scaffold on bacteriums.

Nuclear Bomb Testing essays

Nuclear Bomb Testing essays In their effort to create a bomb that would assure destruction of enemies, the world super powers of this century have created a legacy that could presumably destroy the entire world as we know it (Schull 6). During the course of the last fifty years, nuclear weapons have continually become an increasingly detrimental threat to our own health and environment. Consequently, laws have been proposed and bills have been signed to end this senseless build-up of arsenal and testing of havoc-causing atomic was instruments. Unfortunately, enforcing such rules worldwide has proven itself to be remarkably difficult and world allies have had to use extreme caution when dealing with any and all emerging threats. In the early days of nuclear weapons production, of course, not all safety hazards were fully appreciated,and possible threats to the environment went completely unrecognized. For this reason, we continued to tryout these deadly war tools without any major concern for our future. To be sure, it is understandable that in the race to produce the atomic bomb before Hitler, such considerations would come second. What is surprising is that this negligence should persist for 50 years thereafter, in spite of the growing awareness of the threats that technology and nuclear weapons production can pose. Even the challenge of cleaning up the results of four decades of nuclear weapons production from testing should be vast enough to tell us that testing must absolutely come to a complete stop around the world. Incredible resources will be needed to dispose of 2,700 tons of spent fuel, 10,500 hazardous substances, and 100 million gallons of high-level waste; to clean up 2.3 million acres of land; and to remediate 120 million square feet of buildings on 120 sites (Day 40-41). Four major tasks can be identified: to stabilize and maintain a large number of nuclear materials and facilities; to design, build, and operate a variety of treatment fac...

Understanding Split Infinitives in English Grammar

Understanding Split Infinitives in English Grammar In English grammar, a split infinitive is a construction in which one or more words come between the infinitive marker to and the verb (as in to really try  my best). Also called a cleft infinitive. A   split infinitive  is sometimes regarded as a type of tmesis. I think the evidence is conclusive enough, says editor Norman Lewis: it is perfectly correct to consciously split an infinitive whenever such an act increases the strength or clarity of your sentence (Word Power Made Easy, 1991). Examples and Observations Here are some examples of split infinitives, and descriptions of the term and its uses from other texts to help you better understand their function: To deliberately split an infinitive, puristic teaching to the contrary notwithstanding, is correct and acceptable English.(Norman Lewis, How to Speak Better English. Thomas Y. Crowell, 1948I was wise enough to never grow up while fooling most people into believing I had.(attributed to Margaret Mead)Hamilton from boyhood on was an overachiever, one who found it necessary to more than compensate for his feelings of inadequacy.(Peter R. Henriques, Realistic Visionary. University of Virginia Press, 2006)Her first class wasnt until the afternoon. That would give her time to quickly head to the house, then come back and grab a bite to eat in the cafeteria.(Kayla Perrin, The Delta Sisters. St. Martins Press, 2004It seemed that he had caught [the fish] himself, years ago, when he was quite a lad; not by any art or skill, but by that unaccountable luck that appears to always wait upon a boy when he plays the wag from school.(Jerome K. Jerome, Three Men in a Boat, 1889Milton was too busy to mu ch miss his wife.(Samuel Johnson, Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets, 1779-1781 News of the government’s plan to on average halve pay for the top 25 employees of firms that took two bailouts ricocheted down Wall Street on Wednesday.(Eric Dash, A New Challenge for 2 Ailing Banks. The New York Times, Oct. 21, 2009The phrase to solemnly swear is at best an explication of what is implied in the idea of swearing, at worst a pleonasm.(Peter Fenves, Arresting Language: From Leibniz to Benjamin. Stanford University Press, 2001 A 19th-Century Proscription Hostility to the practice of splitting infinitives developed in the nineteenth century. A magazine article dating from 1834 may well be the first published condemnation of it. A large number of similar prohibitions followed. The first to call it a split infinitive was a contributor to the magazine Academy in 1897. (Henry Hitchings, The Language Wars. John Murray, 2011) A False Analogy With Latin The only rationale for condemning the [split infinitive] construction is based on a false analogy with Latin. The thinking is that because the Latin infinitive is a single word, the equivalent English construction should be treated as if it were a single unit. But English is not Latin, and distinguished writers have split infinitives without giving it a thought. Noteworthy splitters include John Donne, Daniel Defoe, George Eliot, Benjamin Franklin, Abraham Lincoln, William Wordsworth, and Willa Cather. Still, those who dislike the construction can usually avoid it without difficulty. (The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, 2000)The split-infinitive rule may represent mindless prescriptivisms greatest height. It was foreign. (It was almost certainly based on the inability to split infinitives in Latin and Greek, since they consist of one word only.) It had been routinely violated by the great writers in English; one 1931 study found split infinitives in English literature from every century, beginning with the fourteenth-century epic poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight . . .. (Robert Lane Greene, You Are What You Speak. Delacorte, 2011) Clarity and Style In fact, an unsplit infinitive may be less clear than a split one, as in He decided to go boldly to confront his tormentor, where it is unclear whether boldly is attached to go or confront or perhaps both. (Jean Aitchison, The Language Web: The Power and Problem of Words. Cambridge University Press, 1997)The condemnation of  the split infinitive  seems so devoid of adequate justification that, personally, I am accustomed to look upon it as merely idiosyncratic. The use of the idiom can be defended on various grounds, not the least substantial of which is the need of allowing language that freedom from purely artificial restraints which it continually and successfully claims. . . . Adverbs of one or two syllables readily adhere to the verb as prefixes, and thus disguise their reprobate individualities. But it is generally assumed that there is no glue strong enough to make such processional words as circumstantially, extraordinarily, disproportionately, and the like,  stick wit hin  the split infinitive,  and therefore they must  be trailed after  verbs like cartloads of bricks. The majority of the adverbs in common use, however, do not attain such unwieldy dimensions, and  may  well be admitted within  the split infinitive,  especially if  clarity  of apprehension is promoted  thereby. And  surely the idiom is not to be pilloried if it serves to make the sentence more harmonious- as, for instance, in He decided to rapidly march on the town, where to march rapidly is certainly less pleasing to the ear. From such considerations as these I therefore infer that  the split infinitive  does not merit the censure which critics frequently bestow on it.   (J. Dormer, Split Infinitive. Notes and Queries, January 21, 1905) The Lighter Side of Split Infinitives Would you convey my compliments to the purist who reads your proofs and tell him or her that I write in a sort of patois which is something like the way a Swiss waiter talks, and that when I split an infinitive, God damn it, I split it so it will stay split.(Raymond Chandler, letter to Edward Weeks, Jan. 18, 1947. Quoted by F. MacShane in Life of Raymond Chandler, 1976)

Canadas investment in the BRIC nations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Canadas investment in the BRIC nations - Essay Example The global competitive advantage is likely to shift from the west to east (Mpoyi 1-12), that is from Canada and other European countries to Latin America and Eastern Europe. This is due to the projections in Sach’s reports that the BRICs real exchange rate could appreciate annually by an average of 2.5%.For Canada to be on a safer economic side, it needs to consider expanding her investment and increasing its business operations in the BRIC nations. Additionally, if Canada doesn’t act on time it might be swept by the shift of global competitiveness from the west to the east, which is fast approaching.However, before Canada considers expanding its business and increasing her investment in any of the Golden BRICs nations, both the strengths and weaknesses of each of these countries need to be considered and evaluated as below.BrazilThere have been a lot of controversy whether Brazil deserves to be seen as an economic powerhouse as portrayed in the BRIC with its weak econo mic growth in question. According to Pereira (1), it is evident that Brazil’s weaknesses surpass its strengths by far. However, it would be premature to disqualify it from the BRICs nations due to her potential in growth in the near future.  WeaknessesPereira(1) notes that the rate of growth in Brazil was only 3% in 2013, which is quite low, compared to that of China and India which was approximately 8% and 6% respectively. Additionally, in the year 2011 and 2012, Brazil grew by 2.7% and less than 1% respectively (Pereira 1).